Área muscular abdominal determinada por tomografía computada como predictor de mortalidad en pacientes oncológicos / Abdominal muscle area determined by computed tomography as a predictor of mortality in oncology patients

Objective. To demonstrate that the current lumbar skeletal muscle index (LSMI) cutoff points overestimate sarcopenia in oncology patients. New cutoff points are proposed as predictors of mortality in oncology patients. Materials and methods: LSMI was estimated in a group of oncology and healthy patients on whom computed tomography was performed for oncological and non-oncological reasons, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the oncology group was determined using international cutoff points and cutoff points estimated from -1 SD and -2 SD below the average for healthy patients, recommending intermediate values to facilitate its use. A survival study was performed to demonstrate whether the cutoff points differ between mortality curves of sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients. Results: 131 healthy patients and 64 oncology patients were selected. The prevalence of sarcopenia in oncology patients was 80.8 percent and 42.1 percentwith international cutoff points, 57.5 percent and 39.5 percent tusing -1 SD and 15.4 percent and 13.2 percent using -2 SD, in men and women respectively. During the follow-up, 17 patients died and the best predictor of mortality was LSMI of 45 cm²/m² for men and 34 cm²/m² for women. Conclusion: LSMI using cutoff points of 45 cm²/m² for men and 34 cm²/m² for women, is a good predictor of mortality.

Objetivo: Demostrar que los actuales puntos de corte del índice muscular esquelético lumbar (IMEL) sobreestiman sarcopenia en pacientes oncológicos. Se proponen nuevos puntos de corte como predictores de mortalidad en pacientes oncológicos. Materiales y métodos: Se estimó el IMEL en un grupo de pacientes oncológicos y sanos que se realizaron tomografía computada por motivos oncológicos y no oncológicos, respectivamente. Se determinó la prevalencia de sarcopenia del grupo oncológico utilizando los puntos de corte internacionales y puntos de corte estimados a partir de -1DS y -2DS bajo el promedio de pacientes sanos, proponiendo valores intermedios para poder facilitar su utilización. Se realizó un estudio de sobrevida para demostrar si los puntos de corte diferencian entre curvas de mortalidad de pacientes sarcopénicos y no sarcopénicos. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 131 pacientes sanos y 64 pacientes oncológicos. La prevalencia de sarcopenia en pacientes oncológicos fue de 80.8 por ciento y 42.1 por ciento con puntos de corte internacionales, 57.5 porciento y 39.5 por ciento utilizando -1 DS y 15.4 por ciento y 13.2 por ciento utilizando -2 DS, en hombres y mujeres respectivamente. Durante el seguimiento,17 pacientes fallecieron y el mejor predictor de mortalidad fue el IMEL de 45 cm2/m2 para hombres y 34 cm²/m² para mujeres. Conclusión: El IMEL utilizando puntos de corte de 45 cm²/m² para hombres y 34 cm²/m² para mujeres, es un buen predictor de mortalidad.

Fitoestrógenos dietarios y sus potenciales beneficios en la salud del adulto humano / Dietary phytoestrogen and its potential benefits in adult human health

Human diet contains a series of bioactive vegetal compounds that can improve human health. Among these, there has been a special interest for phytoestrogens. This article reviews the evidence about the potential benefits of phytoestrogens for human health. Forty eight manuscripts were selected for their study design and relevance to human health. The cell growth inhibitory effects of phytoestrogens and their implication in breast cancer are reviewed. Also the effects of these compounds on serum lipid levels and the effectiveness of a phytoestrogen derivate, ipriflavone, on the prevention of osteoporosis are analyzed. Although these compounds have a great potential for improving health, there is still not enough evidence to recommend the routine use of phytoestrogens (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1321-28).